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The Pashupatinath temple is the holiest place in Nepal. The
river Bagmati is mythological appearing from Shiva's head, uniting life,
death and water. This is the most preferable and auspicious place to die
and being cremated for a Hindu in Nepal. In year 2000 there were 4575 people
cremated at Pashupatinath, in 2001 there were 4909 people cremated at these
ghats, and in 2002 there were 6185 bodies burnt along Bagmati River in front
of the temple. |
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Cremation is generally perceived as the most auspicious funeral
practice. The body and the cosmos are governed by the same laws, and the
difference between micro- and macro-cosmos is basically a matter of scale,
not of nature: Cremation is cosmogony. |
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A cremation is structured around dagbatti - the lightening
ceremony of the pyre. The deceased's eldest son is carrying the fire three
times around the pyre symbolising the holy trinity of Brahma, Vishnu and
Shiva, and the course of the sun. A little piece of sandalwood is placed
below the mouth of the deceased, symbolising that the total pyre was built
of sandalwood, and the fire is put either on the deceased's mouth or on
the sandalwood. The deceased's last breath left from the mouth and the pyre
is therefore lit at the mouth from which the next incarnation will. |
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The time it takes to burn the corpse on the pyre depends upon the deceased's
sins. The more sinful a person has been, the longer time the cremation
rite takes. This is also perceived as a painstaking and horrifying experience
for the deceased.
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Materiality is a prison which encapsulates the soul in non-permanent
states of beings. The aim is salvation and release from samsara - the round
of birth and death. This ultimate goal has major implications for the lived
life. Nevertheless, the aim is cosmological and hardly possible to achieve
in this or any other life. According to orthodox and scriptural Hinduism
and Buddhism an individual soul may take 8,4 million materialised bodies. |
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Sin is manifested in the flesh, but not solely. It is the
soul that finally will be released and attain the divine sphere, and the
soul has to be pure when entering Heaven. |
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Hindu yogis are buried. The grave is about six feet deep and circular
in form in which the deceased is placed with his legs crossed. Then the
hole is filled with salt until it reaches the neck of the sadhu. The head,
which still is exposed, is covered by innumerable coconuts that are broken
until the scull is completely fractured, or in other words, the head of
the hermits are broken with coconuts. This is done to release the prana
(life), which is believed to be imprisoned in the scull.
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Pilgrimages are a means to prepare one's death by earsing sin.
The Muktinath temple with its 108 waterspouts is the second most sacred
Hindu place in Nepal. It is a holy shrine for Hindus as well as Buddhists
and here the two religions co-exist together. In Muktinath the original
fire burns in water in harmony, and the rocks and the soils are as they
were in the beginning of time.
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Chinnamasta is on the cremation ground standing on the copulating bodies
of Kama and Rati - the god of sexual lust and his wife. Chinnamasta has
decapitated her own head from which jets of blood spurt from the neck
feeding two female attendants with blood but also her own severed head.
Life, sex and death are inseparable.
In some origin myths there was nothing in the beginning but water, and
water had an apriori existence. From the water originated Shakti.
All pro-creative fluids whether it is milk, sperm or blood can be imagined,
explained and understood from water metaphors. A river is a continuous
flowing source for such metaphorical elaborations. As a river it is more
than just physical water or fluid H2O. It is spiritual water, nourishing
water of the fields, feeding milk for children, and blood in the veins
of the devotees. When Chinnamasta sacrifices her head and feeds her devotees
with her own blood, it might be interpreted as an extreme type of motherhood.
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Shashan Kali is the cemetery or cremation Kali, and this is
another fearful manifestation of Kali. She lives only on cemeteries, and
she has numerous followers who include ghosts and malignant spirits.
Shashan Kali in general is one of the most almighty forms of Kali. There
are two ways of making the Shashan Kali statue depending upon whether
the devotees will follow the Tantric or the Vaishnava path of worship.
The Tantric Shashan Kali rituals worship the violent and ferocious Kali
whereas the Vaishnava Shashan Kali rituals worship the peaceful Kali.
The Tantric Shashan Kali is another form of Kali called Chandalini, who
is an uttermost dangerous and destructive form of Kali.
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The power to convert death into life is connected with the
performances of ascetic austerities. Thus, some of the yogis have a special
religious role and status because of their "spiritual capital". The aim is to become so holy that one may perform miracles whereby distributing
prosperity and goodness to the common people. Thus, the capacity to heal
and treat others is a measurement for holiness, and consequently a yogi
who has these capacities has proven that his and only his mantras, yogas
and rituals are the righteous ones. This makes schools of sadhus and disciples
are following the gurus because the guru has the property and the knowledge
of the rituals which made his holiness.
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Death is inevitably to everyone, and the death of a member of a community
is a problem and an event that each person, family and society have to
solve, understand and incorporate into their own lives and social structures.
The ascetics have already offered themselves to the gods, and the tapa
of an ascetic is said to burn him internally so he is not cremated.
True and sacred knowledge has to be revealed through skills, practice
and devotion.
The philosopher Tripura Rahasya said "The study of philosophy without
longing for liberation is like dressing up a corpse".
"Truth cannot be expressed in words; if it could it wouldn't be
true".
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Another way to prove one's divinity is by doing the impossible
or non-human. Among the most convincing way of proving one's supernatural
capacities is to lift with "the eleventh finger" - the penis.
Others prove it by standing for decades with the legs suffering by gangrene,
hanging in hooks, walking on charcoal, etc. In short, by doing the impossible
one proofs that one is more than just a human being; a God. Practice proves
the truth. |
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By ritual sacrifices common people are erasing sin on earth. |
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Buffalos are incarnations of evil during the Dassain festival
in Nepal, and when killed the good is winning over evil. |
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Afterwards the meat is distributed and consumed. |
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