Ionization Potentials of atoms
table without lines
Z |
|
Sym |
|
Name |
I[eV] |
|
core |
Configuration |
|
|
1 |
|
H |
|
Hydrogen |
13,60 |
|
|
(1s) |
|
|
|
2 |
|
He |
|
Helium |
24,59 |
|
|
(1s)2 |
|
|
|
3 |
|
Li |
|
Lithium |
5,39 |
|
[He] |
(2s) |
|
|
|
4 |
|
Be |
|
Beryllium |
9,32 |
|
[He] |
(2s)2 |
|
|
|
5 |
|
B |
|
Boron |
8,30 |
|
[He] |
(2s)2 |
(2p) |
|
|
6 |
|
C |
|
Carbon |
11,26 |
|
[He] |
(2s)2 |
(2p)2 |
|
|
7 |
|
N |
|
Nitrogen |
14,53 |
|
[He] |
(2s)2 |
(2p)3 |
|
|
8 |
|
O |
|
Oxygen |
13,62 |
|
[He] |
(2s)2 |
(2p)4 |
|
|
9 |
|
F |
|
Fluorine |
17,42 |
|
[He] |
(2s)2 |
(2p)5 |
|
|
10 |
|
Ne |
|
Neon |
21,56 |
|
[He] |
(2s)2 |
(2p)6 |
|
|
11 |
|
Na |
|
Sodium |
5,14 |
|
[Ne] |
(3s) |
|
|
|
12 |
|
Mg |
|
Magnesium |
7,65 |
|
[Ne] |
(3s)2 |
|
|
|
13 |
|
Al |
|
Aluminum |
5,99 |
|
[Ne] |
(3s)2 |
(3p) |
|
|
14 |
|
Si |
|
Silicon |
8,15 |
|
[Ne] |
(3s)2 |
(3p)2 |
|
|
15 |
|
P |
|
Phosphorus |
10,49 |
|
[Ne] |
(3s)2 |
(3p)3 |
|
|
16 |
|
S |
|
Sulfur |
10,36 |
|
[Ne] |
(3s)2 |
(3p)4 |
|
|
17 |
|
Cl |
|
Chlorine |
12,97 |
|
[Ne] |
(3s)2 |
(3p)5 |
|
|
18 |
|
Ar |
|
Argon |
15,76 |
|
[Ne] |
(3s)2 |
(3p)6 |
|
|
19 |
|
K |
|
Potassium |
4,34 |
|
[Ar] |
(4s) |
|
|
|
20 |
|
Ca |
|
Calcium |
6,11 |
|
[Ar] |
(4s)2 |
|
|
|
21 |
|
Sc |
|
Scandium |
6,54 |
|
[Ar] |
(3d) |
(4s)2 |
|
|
22 |
|
Ti |
|
Titanium |
6,82 |
|
[Ar] |
(3d)2 |
(4s)2 |
|
|
23 |
|
V |
|
Vanadium |
6,74 |
|
[Ar] |
(3d)3 |
(4s)2 |
|
|
24 |
|
Cr |
|
Chromium |
6,77 |
|
[Ar] |
(3d)5 |
(4s) |
|
|
25 |
|
Mn |
|
Manganese |
7,44 |
|
[Ar] |
(3d)5 |
(4s)2 |
|
|
26 |
|
Fe |
|
Iron |
7,87 |
|
[Ar] |
(3d)6 |
(4s)2 |
|
|
27 |
|
Co |
|
Cobalt |
7,86 |
|
[Ar] |
(3d)7 |
(4s)2 |
|
|
28 |
|
Ni |
|
Nickel |
7,64 |
|
[Ar] |
(3d)8 |
(4s)2 |
|
|
29 |
|
Cu |
|
Copper |
7,73 |
|
[Ar] |
(3d)10 |
(4s) |
|
|
30 |
|
Zn |
|
Zinc |
9,39 |
|
[Ar] |
(3d)10 |
(4s)2 |
|
|
31 |
|
Ga |
|
Gallium |
6,00 |
|
[Ar] |
(3d)10 |
(4s)2 |
(4p) |
|
32 |
|
Ge |
|
Germanium |
7,90 |
|
[Ar] |
(3d)10 |
(4s)2 |
(4p)2 |
|
33 |
|
As |
|
Arsenic |
9,81 |
|
[Ar] |
(3d)10 |
(4s)2 |
(4p)3 |
|
34 |
|
Se |
|
Selenium |
9,75 |
|
[Ar] |
(3d)10 |
(4s)2 |
(4p)4 |
|
35 |
|
Br |
|
Bromine |
11,81 |
|
[Ar] |
(3d)10 |
(4s)2 |
(4p)5 |
|
36 |
|
Kr |
|
Krypton |
14,00 |
|
[Ar] |
(3d)10 |
(4s)2 |
(4p)6 |
|
37 |
|
Rb |
|
Rubidium |
4,18 |
|
[Kr] |
(5s) |
|
|
|
38 |
|
Sr |
|
Strontium |
5,70 |
|
[Kr] |
(5s)2 |
|
|
|
39 |
|
Y |
|
Yttrium |
6,38 |
|
[Kr] |
(4d) |
(5s)2 |
|
|
40 |
|
Zr |
|
Zirconium |
6,84 |
|
[Kr] |
(4d)2 |
(5s)2 |
|
|
41 |
|
Nb |
|
Niobium |
6,88 |
|
[Kr] |
(4d)4 |
(5s) |
|
|
42 |
|
Mo |
|
Molybdenum |
7,10 |
|
[Kr] |
(4d)5 |
(5s) |
|
|
43 |
|
Tc |
|
Technetium |
7,28 |
|
[Kr] |
(4d)5 |
(5s)2 |
|
|
44 |
|
Ru |
|
Ruthenium |
7,37 |
|
[Kr] |
(4d)7 |
(5s) |
|
|
45 |
|
Rh |
|
Rhodium |
7,46 |
|
[Kr] |
(4d)8 |
(5s) |
|
|
46 |
|
Pd |
|
Palladium |
8,34 |
|
[Kr] |
(4d)10 |
|
|
|
47 |
|
Ag |
|
Silver |
7,58 |
|
[Kr] |
(4d)10 |
(5s) |
|
|
48 |
|
Cd |
|
Cadmium |
8,99 |
|
[Kr] |
(4d)10 |
(5s)2 |
|
|
49 |
|
In |
|
Indium |
5,79 |
|
[Kr] |
(4d)10 |
(5s)2 |
(5p) |
|
50 |
|
Sn |
|
Tin |
7,34 |
|
[Kr] |
(4d)10 |
(5s)2 |
(5p)2 |
|
51 |
|
Sb |
|
Antimony |
8,64 |
|
[Kr] |
(4d)10 |
(5s)2 |
(5p)3 |
|
52 |
|
Te |
|
Tellurium |
9,01 |
|
[Kr] |
(4d)10 |
(5s)2 |
(5p)4 |
|
53 |
|
I |
|
Iodine |
10,45 |
|
[Kr] |
(4d)10 |
(5s)2 |
(5p)5 |
|
54 |
|
Xe |
|
Xenon |
12,13 |
|
[Kr] |
(4d)10 |
(5s)2 |
(5p)6 |
|
55 |
|
Cs |
|
Cesium |
3,89 |
|
[Xe] |
(6s) |
|
|
|
56 |
|
Ba |
|
Barium |
5,21 |
|
[Xe] |
(6s)2 |
|
|
|
57 |
|
La |
|
Lanthanum |
5,58 |
|
[Xe] |
(5d) |
(6s)2 |
|
|
58 |
|
Ce |
|
Cerium |
5,54 |
|
[Xe] |
(4f) |
(5d) |
(6s)2 |
|
59 |
|
Pr |
|
Praseodymium |
5,46 |
|
[Xe] |
(4f)3 |
(6s)2 |
|
|
60 |
|
Nd |
|
Neodymium |
5,53 |
|
[Xe] |
(4f)4 |
(6s)2 |
|
|
61 |
|
Pm |
|
Promethium |
5,55 |
|
[Xe] |
(4f)5 |
(6s)2 |
|
|
62 |
|
Sm |
|
Samarium |
5,64 |
|
[Xe] |
(4f)6 |
(6s)2 |
|
|
63 |
|
Eu |
|
Europium |
5,67 |
|
[Xe] |
(4f)7 |
(6s)2 |
|
|
64 |
|
Gd |
|
Gadolinium |
6,15 |
|
[Xe] |
(4f)7 |
(5d) |
(6s)2 |
|
65 |
|
Tb |
|
Terbium |
5,86 |
|
[Xe] |
(4f)9 |
(6s)2 |
|
|
66 |
|
Dy |
|
Dysprosium |
5,94 |
|
[Xe] |
(4f)10 |
(6s)2 |
|
|
67 |
|
Ho |
|
Holmium |
6,02 |
|
[Xe] |
(4f)11 |
(6s)2 |
|
|
68 |
|
Er |
|
Erbium |
6,10 |
|
[Xe] |
(4f)12 |
(6s)2 |
|
|
69 |
|
Tm |
|
Thulium |
6,18 |
|
[Xe] |
(4f)13 |
(6s)2 |
|
|
70 |
|
Yb |
|
Ytterbium |
6,25 |
|
[Xe] |
(4f)14 |
(6s)2 |
|
|
71 |
|
Lu |
|
Lutetium |
5,43 |
|
[Xe] |
(4f)14 |
(5d) |
(6s)2 |
|
72 |
|
Hf |
|
Hafnium |
6,65 |
|
[Xe] |
(4f)14 |
(5d)2 |
(6s)2 |
|
73 |
|
Ta |
|
Tantalum |
7,89 |
|
[Xe] |
(4f)14 |
(5d)3 |
(6s)2 |
|
74 |
|
W |
|
Tungsten |
7,98 |
|
[Xe] |
(4f)14 |
(5d)4 |
(6s)2 |
|
75 |
|
Re |
|
Rhenium |
7,88 |
|
[Xe] |
(5f)14 |
(5d)5 |
(6s)2 |
|
76 |
|
Os |
|
Osmium |
8,70 |
|
[Xe] |
(4f)14 |
(5d)6 |
(6s)2 |
|
77 |
|
Ir |
|
Iridium |
9,10 |
|
[Xe] |
(4f)14 |
(5d)7 |
(6s)2 |
|
78 |
|
Pt |
|
Platinum |
9,00 |
|
[Xe] |
(4f)14 |
(5d)9 |
(6s) |
|
79 |
|
Au |
|
Gold |
9,23 |
|
[Xe] |
(4f)14 |
(5d)10 |
(6s) |
|
80 |
|
Hg |
|
Mercury |
10,44 |
|
[Xe] |
(4f)14 |
(5d)10 |
(6s)2 |
|
81 |
|
Tl |
|
Thallium |
6,11 |
|
[Xe] |
(4f)14 |
(5d)10 |
(6s)2 |
(6p) |
82 |
|
Pb |
|
Lead |
7,42 |
|
[Xe] |
(4f)14 |
(5d)10 |
(6s)2 |
(6p)2 |
83 |
|
Bi |
|
Bismuth |
7,29 |
|
[Xe] |
(4f)14 |
(5d)10 |
(6s)2 |
(6p)3 |
84 |
|
Po |
|
Polonium |
8,42 |
|
[Xe] |
(4f)14 |
(5d)10 |
(6s)2 |
(6p)4 |
85 |
|
At |
|
Astatine |
9,65 |
|
[Xe] |
(4f)14 |
(5d)10 |
(6s)2 |
(6p)5 |
86 |
|
Rn |
|
Radon |
10,75 |
|
[Xe] |
(4f)14 |
(5d)10 |
(6s)2 |
(6p)6 |
87 |
|
Fr |
|
Francium |
3,83 |
|
[Rn] |
(7s) |
|
|
|
88 |
|
Ra |
|
Radium |
5,28 |
|
[Rn] |
(7s)2 |
|
|
|
89 |
|
Ac |
|
Actinium |
5,17 |
|
[Rn] |
(6d) |
(7s)2 |
|
|
90 |
|
Th |
|
Thorium |
6,08 |
|
[Rn] |
(6d)2 |
(7s)2 |
|
|
91 |
|
Pa |
|
Protactinium |
5,89 |
|
[Rn] |
(5f)2 |
(6d) |
(7s)2 |
|
92 |
|
U |
|
Uranium |
6,05 |
|
[Rn] |
(5f)3 |
(6d) |
(7s)2 |
|
93 |
|
Np |
|
Neptunium |
6,19 |
|
[Rn] |
(5f)4 |
(6d) |
(7s)2 |
|
94 |
|
Pu |
|
Plutonium |
6,06 |
|
[Rn] |
(5f)6 |
(7s)2 |
|
|
95 |
|
Am |
|
Americium |
5,99 |
|
[Rn] |
(5f)7 |
(7s)2 |
|
|
96 |
|
Cm |
|
Curium |
6,02 |
|
[Rn] |
(5f)7 |
(6d) |
(7s)2 |
|
97 |
|
Bk |
|
Berkelium |
6,23 |
|
[Rn] |
(5f)8 |
(6d) |
(7s)2 |
|
98 |
|
Cf |
|
Californium |
6,30 |
|
[Rn] |
(5f)10 |
(7s)2 |
|
|
99 |
|
Es |
|
Einsteinium |
6,42 |
|
[Rn] |
(5f)11 |
(7s)2 |
|
|
100 |
|
Fm |
|
Fermium |
6,50 |
|
[Rn] |
(5f)12 |
(7s)2 |
|
|
101 |
|
Md |
|
Mendelevium |
6,58 |
|
[Rn] |
(5f)13 |
(7s)2 |
|
|
102 |
|
No |
|
Nobelium |
6,65 |
|
[Rn] |
(5f)14 |
(7s)2 |
|
|
103 |
|
Lr |
|
Lawrencium |
4,87 |
|
[Rn] |
(5f)14 |
(6d) |
(7s)2 |
|
104 |
|
Rf |
|
rutherfordium |
6,01 |
|
|
|
|
|
|