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Variational Method

Evaluting the independent electron model for variable Z - nuclear charge
The contribution from T and from V  -  see virial theorem - general
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virial_theorem
and for our case - power of radial distance potential -
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virial_theorem#Special_case_of_power-law_forces


a1-variational-method.png
In the next slides we shal see why we should replace Z by an effective z which can be made variable - to find the "best"
....  each of the 2 electrons "sees" the nucleus partially covered by the other electron
Wavefunction depends on Z   -  that we make into z - variable
Attraction to nucleus contains Z   - that can not be variable

We shall find which power of Z or z



a2-variational-method-MINIMUM.png
Here we have seen that the  <phi |  H  | phi >  can be made least possible - and that will give best possible wavefunction
(At least from the point of view of the energy. some other quantities might not be correctly represented)



a3-variational-method-result.png
And indeed, we have found above the solution.


ELECTRON SPIN




b1-Spin_angular_momentum_magnetic.png



b2-spin-Pauli-Matrices.png

SPIN AND TWO ELECTRON STATES   -  Continue next time



b3-spin-two-particles.png


Next time:
exchange symmetry
excited states
electron correlations - beyond independent electrons
configuration mixing







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